Nikolai Vladimirovich Efimov (Russian: Никола́й Влади́мирович Ефи́мов; 31 May 1910, Orenburg — 16 October 1982, Moscow) was a Soviet mathematician. He is most famous for his work on generalized Hilbert's problem on surfaces of negative curvature.
Efimov grew up in Rostov-on-Don and graduated from Rostov State University, where he studied with Morduhai-Boltovskoi. He worked at Voronezh State University from 1934 to 1941. He taught at the Moscow State University since 1946. Aleksei Pogorelov was one of his students there.
He received the Lobachevsky Medal in 1951 and Lenin Prize in 1966. He was an invited plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Moscow, 1966. He became a corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1979.